"Since the early 1990s, binge drinking (defined as drinking at least 4 drinks in a row for women or at least 5 drinks in a row for men) has been a key indicator of risky drinking. 

"However, the binge threshold may not clearly distinguish drinking risk. A person who consumes five drinks over a few hours may or may not show signs of intoxication, depending on factors including body composition, food and water intake, and tolerance. In contrast, a person who consumes ten drinks over the same time period is at high risk for alcohol poisoning and other negative outcomes. 

"The tusi phenomenon complicates the drug landscape because it has the potential to confuse both people who use and researchers alike. With respect to people who use, given the drug concoction’s name, people may assume the drug is 2C/2C-B. Since many partiers are unfamiliar with 2C series drugs (14), there is also potential for people to simply think this is a new (and perhaps benign) drug – especially given that the powder is pink with a sweet scent.

"Tusi is a relatively new drug concoction that is marketed using the phonetic translation of “2C.” This name, especially when mentioned verbally, has great potential to incorrectly refer to 2C. This was likely an intentional marketing tactic. Variations in spelling include “tuci,” ”tucci,” and “tussi,” and tusibí and tucibí (17,18)—which even further misrepresent the specific compound 2C-B.

"Alcohol-caused harms are spread across populations and can be experienced both by people who use alcohol and by those who do not. 

"The estimates presented in this article find important evidence of the potential consequences of the rapid expansion of the MA supply in Ohio, which can help inform the public health consequences of a similar expansion across the US. We find that relatively more MA detected by crime labs is either unrelated to or associated with a small, but measurable decrease in the overall risk of unintentional overdose death. This is not to say that MA is safe or cannot cause overdose deaths. Our findings are not that the combination of MA and fentanyl is in fact safer than fentanyl on its own.

"Most of the concern with MDMA adulteration focuses on the plethora of other substances that have been detected in the MDMA supply. This includes novel designer drugs with potentially serious health risks such as synthetic piperazine and cathinone compounds, which were detected in about 5 % of samples overall. Piperazines first appeared in 2000 but saturated the market from 2008–2013, when these compounds were detected in about one-quarter (24 %) of drug items.

"The misrepresentation of illicit drugs is a persistent problem in unregulated markets (Barratt et al., 2024, Marshman and Gibbins, 1969). Misrepresentation can take several forms, including dilution of alleged drugs with inactive fillers, adulteration with other active drugs or contaminants, and substitution with other substances.

"In 2018, an estimated 2.1% of youth reported that they were sexually victimized by staff through force or coercion. Forced or coerced sexual acts or other sexual activity with facility staff included sexual activity involving physical force, threat of force, or other forms of pressure or coercion, such as being given money, favors, protection, or special treatment or being repeatedly asked to engage in sexual activity. The 2.1% rate includes—

"In 2018, 4.0% of youth in juvenile facilities reported sexual victimization that involved force or coercion, either by another youth or by facility staff (not shown in tables). An estimated 1.9% of youth reported sexual victimization involving force or coercion by another youth (table 1). The 1.9% rate comprises—

"„ 1.2% of youth who reported incidents of forced or coerced sexual acts—sexual activity that involved touching or penetrating of sexual body parts 

"In 2020, correctional administrators reported 36,264 allegations of sexual victimization in prisons, jails, and other adult correctional facilities (figure 1). This included allegations of inmate-on-inmate nonconsensual sexual acts, inmate-on-inmate abusive sexual contact, inmateon-inmate sexual harassment, staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct, and staff-on-inmate sexual harassment.1 Of all the allegations reported in 2020, 2,351 were substantiated after investigation, the lowest number since 2014, when there were 2,350 substantiated incidents.