"• At midyear 2023, there were 198 persons incarcerated in jail per 100,000 U.S. residents, down from 231 inmates per 100,000 at midyear 2013 (display 6). The midyear 2023 incarceration rate for males was higher, 343 per 100,000 male U.S. residents, which was more than six times the rate for females at 56 per 100,000 female U.S. residents.
"• In 2023, individuals ages 25–34 were incarcerated in jail at a rate of 480 inmates per 100,000 residents, approximately 22 times the rate for those age 65 or older (22 per 100,000) (display 7). Between 2020 and 2023, the jail incarceration rate for individuals aged 45 or older increased by 34%.
"• The jail incarceration rate for black U.S. residents was 552 per 100,000, 3.6 times the rate for white U.S. residents (155 per 100,000) at midyear 2023 (display 8). American Indian and Alaskan Native persons had the second highest rate at 425 per 100,000. Hispanic persons (143 per 100,000) were incarcerated at a rate comparable to white persons (155 per 100,000)."
Zhen Zeng, PhD. Jail Inmates In 2023 - Statistical Tables. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics. April 2025. NCJ 309965.
