"For more than 45 years, research has confirmed that opioid agonist therapy (ie, methadone hydrochloride) is a highly effective treatment for opioid addiction provided outside primary care.4-6"
Source
Alford, Daniel P., et al., "Collaborative Care of Opioid-Addicted Patients in Primary Care Using Buprenorphine - Five-Year Experience," Archives of Internal Medicine, 2011;171(5):425-431.