Environment - Mycoherbicides - 8-25-11

(Human Health Threats Posed By Fusarium Species) "Cutaneous diseases related to Fusarium spp. can appear in both immunocompromised and healthy hosts and include toxic reactions, colonization, superficial infection, deep cutaneous or subcutaneous infections and disseminated infection.
"Exposure to the toxin deoxynivalemol [a mycotoxin associated with the Fusarium species] caused lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, suggesting a toxic reaction, in grass planters in The Netherlands (3). Chronic indolent superficial fusariosis limited to the skin appendages or corneal layer, namely onychomycosis and intertrigo, is frequent (4). F. oxysporum was reported as causing distal subungual, proximal subungual (5) and superficial white toenail mycosis in a patient who presented with a low extremity temperature after cranial trauma (6). Colonization in surgical wounds, severe burns, venous and arterial leg ulcers is a common finding (1, 7, 8) and was related to diabetes in one case (7). However, F. oxysporum was also reported as being the only causative agent of a large foot ulcer (9). When fungal hyphae reach the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, subcutaneous nodules (10, 11), sporotrichoid nodules (12), panniculitis (13), mycetoma (14, 15) or chronic granuloma (16, 17) can be observed in both immunocompromised and healthy hosts.
"Host responses in localized cutaneous chronic Fusarium infections have included granuloma (16), pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (15), sometimes with carcinomatous changes (21), and eccrine syringofibroadenomatous hyperplasia (22)."