"In 2022, about 9% of drivers in traffic stops experienced no enforcement action by police, while about 44% were given a warning and 43% were given a ticket (table 5). There were no statistically significant changes in outcomes for drivers in traffic stops from 2020 to 2022.
"Female drivers (46% in 2020 and 48% in 2022) were more likely than male drivers (41% in 2020 and 42% in 2022) to be given a warning during a traffic stop, while male drivers (6% in 2020 and 5% in 2022) were more likely than female drivers (2% in each year) to be searched or arrested. There were no statistically significant differences by sex in the percentage of drivers who were given a ticket or experienced no enforcement action in 2020 or 2022.
"In 2022, there was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of white drivers and black drivers who experienced no enforcement action during their most recent traffic stop. Among those who did experience an enforcement action, white drivers (49%) were more likely to be given a warning than drivers of any other race or Hispanic origin. In 2022, Hispanic drivers (53%), black drivers (46%), and drivers of another race (49%) were more likely to receive a ticket than white drivers (39%)."
Susannah N. Tapp, PhD, and Elizabeth J. Davis. Contacts Between Police and the Public, 2022. October 2024. NCJ308847. US Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
